EVENTS OF WORLD HISTORY
A Documentation of Brief Historical Accounts of World EventsFrom the distant past to the presentCompiled & edited by RABI ROY, the blogger
THIS BLOG INFO IS TO BE USED FOR
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY
c. 3,000,000,000: Moon
parted from Earth. Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago,
approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from
the solar nebula.
c. 1,200,000,000: The
lowest form of life appeared in the sea (algæ[2]).
c. 570,000,000: Cambrian Age[3]: trilobites[4]
and sponges[5]
in the sea.
c. 500,000,000: Ordovician
Age[6]:
Considerable changes in positions of oceans; sea snails found; the climate was
generally hot.
c. 440,000,000: Silurian Age[7]: vertebrate
animals developed; large sea scorpions; first land plants (leafless) appeared.
c. 395,000,000: Devonian
Age: active volcanoes formed mountains; osteichthyes[8],
bony fishes existed; leafy land plants and trees developed; wingless creatures
left the sea and came ashore; period of old red sandstone.
c. 340,000,000: Carboniferous
Age: giant trees yielding our coal; development of amphibian reptiles;
legs first appeared.
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c. 225,000,000: First evolution of the dinosaurs c. 65,000,000: |
c. 275,000,000: Permian
Age: rapid development of land life gradually dominating life in the
sea but still mainly reptilian.
c. 225,000,000: Triassic
Age: Development of ichthyosaurus and crustacean ancestors; first
evolution of the dinosaurs, two
distinct orders (Saurischia and Ornithischia); originally these creatures were
bipedal, but later often became quadruped. Winged insects and small
mammals were present; palm ferns were also visible.
c. 195,000,000: Jurassic
Age[9]: a
period of limestone formation; great increase in size of dinosaurs---principal
age of the great reptiles; first bird, archaeopteryx having teeth and reptilian
characteristics; ammonites in the sea.
c. 140,000,000: Australia
severed from land-mass Asia: cause of continued existence of primitive
animal life on the continent.
c. 136,000,000: Cretaceous
Age: chalk foundations laid; great areas of swamp bordered the seas;
terrible and fantastic lizards developed, including pterodactyls; earliest
beginnings of warm-blooded mammals.
c. 65,000,000: Eocene
Age: the disappearance of dinosaurs and marine reptiles; rapid
development of mammals; early on, dinotherium, mastodon and saber-toothed
tiger.
c. 38,000,000: Oligocene
Age: extension of land masses; monkeys and apes existed.
c. 26,000,000: Miocene
Age[10]: the
appearance of primitive anthropoid ape (proconsul); many forms of waterfowl;
great sharks in the sea.
c. 7,000,000: Pliocene
Age[11]: present
forms of continent developed; anthropoid apes flourished.
c. 2,000,000: Pleistocene
Age[12]: a
period of recurrent ice ages which had a profound effect on planet life;
Australopithecus[13]
and Homo habilis[14],
which may have developed into man, existed; colitis of this period may or may
not be of artificial construction; insects probably existed.
c. 500,000: Man-like
creatures (Pithecanthropus) used primitive stone implements; fire came into
use; the emergence of the Paleolithic Age[15].
[1] The
Solar System: The collection of eight planets and their moons in orbit
around the sun, together with smaller bodies in the form of asteroids,
meteoroids, and comets. The major planets of the solar system
are (in order of distance from the sun) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
and Neptune. Pluto, which is very much known as the ninth planet, is a
dwarf planet.
[2] algae (plural
noun of alga), a simple, non-flowering, and typically aquatic plant-like
organism of a large group that includes the seaweeds and many single-celled
forms. Algae contain chlorophyll but lack true stems, roots, leaves, and
vascular tissue. Origin: mid 16th century: from Latin, ‘seaweed’.
[3] The Cambrian
period is a significant geological time frame that lasted from
approximately 542 to 488 million years ago. It is the first period of the
Paleozoic Era. It is marked by a dramatic increase in the diversity of life,
known as the Cambrian Explosion, where a wide range of complex, multi-cellular
organisms appeared in the fossil record. This period is crucial for
understanding the evolution of life on Earth, as it represents a major step
forward in biological complexity. - New World Encyclopedia+4
[4] Trilobites are
extinct fossil arthropods that first appeared around 521 million years ago
during the Cambrian Period. They are easily recognized by their distinctive
three-lobed, three-segmented form. Trilobites were exclusively marine animals
and are known from more than 10,000 fossil species. They were arthropods,
divided into three parts from head to tail and from side to side. Trilobites
were abundant during the Cambrian and Ordovician periods but eventually went
extinct. -Britannica
[5] Sponges are
primitive multicellular aquatic animals that constitute the phylum Porifera.
They are permanently affixed (sessile), mostly marine, solitary or colonial
invertebrates. Sponges have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to
circulate through them. They consist of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between
two thin layers of cells. The mesohyl contains embedded amoeboid cells that
secrete tiny needles called spicules or protein fibers that help give the
sponge its structural strength. -Britannica
[6] The Ordovician Period is a significant
geological time frame that lasted from approximately 485.4 million years ago to
443.8 million years ago. It is the second period of the Paleozoic Era,
following the Cambrian Period and preceding the Silurian Period. The Ordovician
is divided into three epochs: Early, Middle, and Late Ordovician, and is known
for a diverse range of marine life and significant geological events.
[7] The
Silurian Age is a geological period that lasted from approximately 443.8
million years ago to 419.2 million years ago. It is the third period of the
Paleozoic Era, following the Ordovician and preceding the Devonian periods.
During the Silurian, the Earth experienced significant environmental changes,
including rising sea levels and the diversification of marine life, as well as
the first evidence of life on land. The period is named after the Silures, a
Celtic tribe in Wales, where rocks from this age were first studied.
[8] Osteichthyes refers
to a class of vertebrates known as bony fish, characterized by an endoskeleton
primarily composed of bone tissue. This class includes over 30,000 species,
making it the largest class of vertebrates. Key features of Osteichthyes
include a skeletal endoskeleton, gill covers (operculum), and, in most cases,
paired fins.
[9] The Jurassic
Age, spanning from approximately 201.3 million to 145 million years ago,
was a significant period in Earth's history marked by the dominance of
dinosaurs and major geological changes. The Jurassic Period is part of the
Mesozoic Era and is divided into three epochs: Early Jurassic (201.3 to 174.1
million years ago), Middle Jurassic (174.1 to 163.5 million years ago), and
Late Jurassic (163.5 to 145 million years ago). -Britannica
[10] The Miocene
epoch is a significant geological period that lasted from about 23.03
to 5.333 million years ago. It is the first epoch of the Neogene Period and
is characterized by the evolution of many modern mammal families, as well as
drastic climate changes and the formation of new landscapes. The Miocene saw
the rise of grasslands and kelp forests, marking a shift in global ecosystems.
This epoch is crucial for understanding the evolutionary history of mammals and
the environmental changes that shaped the Earth. -Britannica
[11] The Pliocene Epoch,
spanning from approximately 5.3 to 2.6 million years ago,
represents a significant chapter in Earth’s geological history. It is the final epoch of
the Neogene Period and is characterized by notable climatic
shifts and evolutionary developments that laid the groundwork for the emergence
of modern ecosystems and species. The Pliocene is often viewed as a
transitional phase, bridging the gap between the warmer Miocene and the cooler
Pleistocene epochs.
[12] The Pleistocene
epoch is a geological period that lasted from approximately 2.6
million years ago to 11,700 years ago. It is characterized by repeated
glaciations, where large ice sheets covered significant portions of the Earth’s
surface. The Pleistocene is significant for its impact on the evolution of many
species, including humans, and is often referred to as the Ice Age due to the
extensive presence of glaciers during this time. The epoch is divided into
several stages, including the Gelasian, Calabrian, Chibanian, and the final
stage, which leads into the Holocene epoch. -Britannica
[13] Australopithecus,
often referred to as australopithecines, is the name given to an extinct genus
of hominid primates. Up to seven distinct species within this genus are known
to have lived in prehistoric Africa around 4 million years ago.
[14] Homo
habilis, meaning "handy man," is an extinct species of early human
that lived in East and South Africa approximately 2.4 to 1.5 million
years ago. It is considered one of the earliest members of the genus Homo
and is known for its use of stone tools, which marks a significant development
in human evolution. Homo habilis exhibited features that were intermediate
between the more primitive Australopithecus and later Homo species, playing a
crucial role in the discussion surrounding the origins of our genus. -Wikipedia
[15] The Paleolithic age, also known as the Old Stone Age, spans from approximately 2.6 million years ago to around 10,000 years ago. This period is characterized by the development of the first stone tools, the emergence of early human art, and the establishment of a nomadic lifestyle among hunter-gatherers. The term "Paleolithic" is derived from the Greek words "palaios," meaning "old," and "lithos," meaning "stone," reflecting the era's primary tool-making materials. This age marks a significant phase in human prehistory, laying the foundation for subsequent cultural and technological advancements. -Wikipedia
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