1.4 EVENTS OF WORLD HISTORY ll Bronze Age ll Part: 1 Pg. 4 ll Rabi The Digital

 

EVENTS OF WORLD HISTORY
A Documentation of Brief Historical Accounts of World Events       

From the distant past to the present

Compiled & edited by RABI ROY, the blogger

THIS BLOG INFO IS TO BE USED FOR            
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY

Bronze Age: 

The Bronze age was the period from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, when people used bronze for everything. The Bronze Age comes after the Stone Age but before the Iron Age. In the Stone Age, flint was shaped and used as a weapon and tool, whereas during the Bronze age period, the stone was gradually replaced by bronze. The bronze could further be mixed into molds to form useful items. The Bronze Age period marks the beginning of the period when humans first started using metals. The day at which the Bronze Age marks its beginning differs with regions. For example, in Greece and China, the Bronze Age period began before 3000 BCE, whereas in Britain it did not start until about 1900 BCE.

Key Events in the Bronze Age Timeline:

1. Early Bronze Age (c. 3300 - 2100 BCE): 

           c. 3300 BCE: The Bronze Age begins in Mesopotamia with the development bronze metallurgy.

           c. 3000 BCE: The rise of citystates in Sumer, including Uruk and Ur, characterised by advanced urban planning and writing systems.

            c. 2500 BCE: The Indus Valley Civilisation flourishes, known for its urban planning and trade networks.

2. Middle Bronze Age (c. 2100 - 1550 BCE): 

           c. 2000 BCE: The Minoan civilisation emerges on Crete, known for its palatial architecture and trade. 

           c. 1800 BCE: The Hittite Empire is established in Anatolia, becoming a major power in the region. 

           c. 1600 BCE: The Mycenaean civilisation rises in Greece, known for its monumental architecture and warrior culture. 

3. Late Bronze Age (c. 1550 - 1200 BCE):

   c. 1500 BCE: The New Kingdom of Egypt reaches its height, expanding its territory and influence. 

    c. 1400 BCE: The peak of Minoan civilisation, followed by its decline due to natural disasters and invasions. 

    c. 1200 BCE: The collapse of several major Bronze Age civilisations, including the Mycenaeans and Hittites, is often attributed to invasions by the Sea Peoples and internal strife. 

1.3 EVENTS OF WORLD HISTORY ll Prehistory ll Stone Age ll Part: 1 Pg. 3 ll Rabi The Digital

 

EVENTS OF WORLD HISTORY
A Documentation of Brief Historical Accounts of World Events       

From the distant past to the present

Compiled & edited by RABI ROY, the blogger

THIS BLOG INFO IS TO BE USED FOR            
EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY

Stone Age: 

The Stone Age is a prehistoric period characterized by the widespread use of stone tools, lasting from approximately 3.3 million years ago until around 3000 BC, when metalworking began.

Overview of the Stone Age: 

The Stone Age is the earliest known period of human culture, marked by the creation and use of stone tools. It is divided into three main periods based on technological advancements and lifestyle changes:

1. Paleolithic (Old Stone Age):

• Timeframe: Approximately 3.3 million years ago to around 10,000 BC.
• Characteristics: Early humans were primarily hunter-gatherers, living in small nomadic groups. They created simple stone tools and developed 
• early forms of art, such as cave paintings. This period saw the evolution of the genus Homo 
• and the use of fire.
• 
  

2. Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age):

• Timeframe: Roughly 10,000 BC to around 5,000 BC, varying by region.
• Characteristics: This transitional period featured advancements in tool technology, including microliths (small stone tools). People began to establish semi-permanent settlements and relied more on fishing and gathering, alongside hunting.
• 
  

3. Neolithic (New Stone Age):

• Timeframe: Approximately 10,000 BC to around 3000 BC.
• Characteristics: Marked by the advent of agriculture, the Neolithic period saw humans transition from nomadic lifestyles to settled farming communities. This period included the domestication of plants and animals, the development of pottery, and the construction of permanent dwellings.

You can also read: World History Encyclopaedia.

FAQs II Frequently asked questions concerning historical events II Page 2

Q. What is meant by the term "New World Order"?

Ans. The socio-economic political system we currently inhabit has a profound impact on all facets of our lives, despite its imperceptibility. The New World Order, as it is widely known, is an internationally accepted policy that fundamentally goes against the interests of the general populace. 

Q. The Cuban Missile Crisis: What is it? 

Ans. The Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962 was a direct and dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. The crisis was unique in several ways, featuring both accurate and inaccurate calculations, as well as direct and indirect communications and miscommunications between the two sides. The dramatic crisis was also characterized by the fact that it was primarily played out at the White House and the Kremlin level, with relatively little input from the respective bureaucracies typically involved in the foreign policy process.

***

Q. Who was Sacretice? Why was he punished to death? 

Ans. Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher whose way of life, thought process, and character had a profound influence on both ancient and modern philosophy. 

For his thoughts, he was sentenced to death by hemlock consumption. 

The events of this extraordinary trial in 399 BC saw Socrates fighting for his life and the reputation of philosophy everywhere. The 70-year-old philosopher and ‘gadfly’ passionately defended himself and is alleged to have goaded the jurors to find him guilty.

Socrates Timeline in Chronological Order

c. 470 BCE	Socrates was born in Athens, Greece, to Sophroniscus, a stonemason, and Phaenarete, a midwife.
c. 432 BCE	Socrates serves as a hoplite (heavy infantryman) during the Peloponnesian War, participating in the Battles of Potidaea, Delium, and Amphipolis.
c. 410 BCE	Socrates begins to question Athenians about their beliefs and values, developing his unique style of philosophical inquiry known as the Socratic method.
c. 407-406 BCE	Plato becomes a student of Socrates, and the two form a close philosophical relationship.
c. 404 BCE	Socrates refuses to arrest Leon of Salamis on unjust charges during the reign of the Thirty Tyrants, a group of pro-Spartan oligarchs who briefly ruled Athens.
399 BCE	Socrates is brought to trial on charges of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens. He is found guilty by a jury of 500 Athenians. May. Socrates is sentenced to death by drinking a cup of poison hemlock. He accepts his sentence with calmness and dies in the presence of his friends, including Plato.
After 399 BCE	Plato and other students of Socrates wrote dialogues featuring their teacher as the central character, preserving his philosophical ideas and methods for future generations.

***

Q. Who is Giordano Bruno? Why was he burnt alive? 

Ans. Giordano Bruno was an Italian cosmologist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher. In 1600, he was executed by the Roman Inquisition by being burned at the stake. Bruno's execution was a result of his heretical cosmological views, which contradicted the Church's teachings. He proposed an infinite universe with multiple worlds and rejected the geocentric model. He also expressed pantheistic beliefs, suggesting God was in everything. These ideas were considered dangerous by the Church, leading to his trial and condemnation for heresy.

***

Q. Who was Joan of Arc? Why was she punished by being burned to death? 

Ans. Joan of Arc (1412-31), a peasant girl from France, became a national heroine for her pivotal role in the Hundred Years' War, leading French forces to victory and ultimately being canonized as a saint. Below is a short timeline:

• 1412 - 1431
  Life of Joan of Arc.
• 1425: Joan of Arc receives visions from God telling her to drive the English from France and bring Charles VII to Rheims to be crowned king.
• 1428: Joan of Arc's first attempt to meet with Charles the Dauphin fails.

• 1429:
  Joan of Arc lifts the Siege of Orleans, a major victory for the French in the Hundred Years' War.

• 1429:
  Joan of Arc orchestrates the Loire Campaign to bring Charles VII to Rheims for coronation.
• 1429:
  Joan of Arc succeeds in meeting the dauphin, who accepts her offer to help him.
• • 29 Apr 1429
    Joan of Arc prays in the Orleans Cathedral during the Hundred Years' War.
  • 1430:
    Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians and sold to the English.
  • 1430 - 1431
    Joan of Arc is held as a prisoner of the English at the city of Rouen.

  • 1431: Joan of Arc is convicted of heresy and burned at the stake in Rouen.

  • 1456: Joan of Arc's conviction is invalidated, and she is declared a martyr for France.

  • ***

  • Q. What is Gulag? 

  • 
    Ans. When Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union, a network of forced labor camps known as the Gulag was established. These infamous prisons are said to have housed roughly 18 million inmates over their existence, starting in the 1920s and ending soon after Stalin's death in 1953.

  • The name Gulag had been largely unknown in the West until the publication of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn’s The Gulag Archipelago, 1918–1956 (1973), whose title likens the labor camps scattered through the Soviet Union to an island chain.

  • 
    Q. What is an international trade war after WW II? 

  • International trade experienced significant expansion and transformation after World War II, driven by globalisation, trade agreements, and changing economic policies.

Historical Timelines

Quotes by Authors 

Random Historical Questions and Answers

FAQs II Frequently asked questions concerning historical events II Page: 1

On this page, we invite readers to ask any questions about historical events. To respond to your inquiries, we'll use online tools like Google or the ChatGPT platform. Your occasional questions will help us better understand historical events.

Here are some examples of relevant but arbitrary questions and answers that we have posted on the blog. 

Q 1. Today is September 11. For what reason was this day recorded in history?

Scene of the destruction of the Twin Towers 

Ans. On this day in 2001, the Twin Towers of New York City in the US were destroyed.

***

For yet another memorable lesson, this day is recorded in history. Salvador Allende, the socialist president of Chile, was deposed on this day, September 11, 1973, by a right-wing coup led by Augusto Pinochet and supported by the United States. 

Story of a Death Foretold

Before the coup on September 11, 1973, Chilean society was defined by the growing involvement of the working class and laboring masses. Public ownership of production, which had previously been dominated by large corporations, also increased during this time. With the advent of the Pinochet regime, Chile was abruptly thrust onto the path of neoliberalism, and all of this quickly changed. The "Chicago Boys," a group of right-wing and neoliberal (those who support free-market) economists (followers of Milton Friedman) who attended the University of Chicago or its affiliated universities with assistance from the Ford Foundation, had a significant impact on this free-market economy plan. The formation of this group was not a coincidence; rather, it was the outcome of a carefully considered U.S. strategy (allegedly funded under the U.S. State Department's "Chile Project" S199900030). The Chicago Boys also participated in the coup against Allende.

Pinochet paved the way by removing anyone who became a barrier, while the Chicago Boys mapped out the nation's route to a free market.

The constitution, which has been consciously upheld or left unaltered by the succeeding administrations since the 1990s, is just one example of the harsh legacy of neoliberalism left by the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile.

***

Q. What is called the "Cold War"? 

Cold War

Ans. Following World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union, along with their respective allies, developed an open but constrained rivalry that became known as the Cold War. It had little use of weapons and was fought on the fronts of politics, the economy, and propaganda. The author George Orwell was the first to use the term.

Here is a timeline of key events during the Cold War from 1945 to 1991:

• 1945: End of World War II; the United States and the Soviet Union emerge as superpowers.
• 1947: The Truman Doctrine is announced, marking the start of U.S. containment policy against communism.
• 1949: NATO is formed; the Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb.
• 1950-1953: The Korean War occurs, solidifying the division between North and South Korea.
• 1962: The Cuban Missile Crisis brings the U.S. and the Soviet Union to the brink of nuclear war.
• 1972: The SALT I treaty is signed, limiting nuclear arms.
• 1989: The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolizes the decline of Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.
• 1991: The dissolution of the Soviet Union marks the end of the Cold War. 
• ***

Q. "All roads lead to Rome"—what is the meaning of this phrase and its origin? 

Ans. The phrase "all roads lead to Rome" suggests that various methods or paths can ultimately converge on the same outcome or goal. 

***

Origin and Historical Context: 

The phrase "All roads lead to Rome" signifies that there are many ways to achieve a goal or that all actions, even if seemingly disparate, can lead to the same outcome. The saying originates from the extensive road network built by the Roman Empire, where roads connected various parts of the empire to the capital city, Rome. Therefore, it implies that no matter the path taken, the end result or destination will be the same.

#OnThisDay 1994, World Teachers’ Day Established

On this day, October 5, 1994, World Teachers’ Day was established by UNESCO to honor educators around the world. Since then, it has been celebrated annually to recognize the vital role teachers play in shaping the future through knowledge, values, and inspiration.

This day also commemorates the 1966 UNESCO/ILO Recommendation, a milestone that set global standards for teachers’ rights, status, and working conditions.

Teaching is more than a job; it’s a lifelong mission to guide, uplift, and inspire generations. 🌟

                  

You can also look at Dictionary.com

Random Historical Questions and Answers